Risk factors
5094 staff comments in this corpus, to 1639 registrants, across 14 of the 15 calendar quarters this corpus covers.
Coverage is partial and not continuous. This corpus holds CORRESP filings from 2023Q1–2026Q3 (83–100% of each quarter's EDGAR total). It holds nothing filed after 2026-07-17. If an issue page shows no comment from one of those periods, the reason is that edgarwiki has no data for it — not that the staff raised nothing. Counts on this site are counts within this corpus and are not SEC-wide totals. Every quotation is verbatim and links to its filing; what is incomplete is coverage, not accuracy. Per-quarter figures: Methodology.
| Measure | Value |
|---|---|
| Comments raising this issue | 5094 |
| Share of all 92,899 comments in the corpus | 5.5% |
| Distinct registrants | 1639 |
| With a recorded company response | 5091 |
When these comments were filed
| Quarter | Comments here | Corpus coverage of that quarter |
|---|---|---|
| 2023Q1 | 465 | 93% |
| 2023Q2 | 555 | 91% |
| 2023Q3 | 619 | 93% |
| 2023Q4 | 637 | 96% |
| 2024Q1 | 435 | 93% |
| 2024Q2 | 464 | 83% |
| 2024Q3 | 495 | 90% |
| 2024Q4 | 457 | 96% |
| 2025Q1 | 326 | 92% |
| 2025Q2 | 297 | 89% |
| 2025Q3 | 260 | 90% |
| 2025Q4 | 71 | 93% |
| 2026Q1 | 11 | 85% |
| 2026Q2 | 2 | 100% |
| 2026Q3 | 0 | 100% |
The exchanges
SEC staff comment
2. This risk factor and the next note that shareholders seeking to institute or maintain derivative proceedings or submit shareholder proposals must own at least 3% of your outstanding voting shares. In order to provide additional material context to this requirement, please revise these risk factors to also disclose the total dollar value of 3% of your outstanding voting shares using the midpoint of the price range in this offering.
The company responded
The Company advises the Staff that the disclosure on pages 61 and 62 of Amendment No. 1 has been revised to address the Staff’s comment. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission June 1, 2026 Page 4 Our bylaws place restrictions on the forum, venue and procedures for legal actions…, page 61
SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP · filed 2026-06-01 · 0001628280-26-039278
SEC staff comment
9. This risk factor discusses Other Disputes as well as various arbitration procedures. Please revise to ensure you define Other Disputes upon first use and to include a summary of the mandatory arbitration provision found in Section 10.2(b) of the bylaws that will be in effect upon the completion of this offering.
The company responded
The Company advises the Staff that the disclosure in this risk factor on pages 61 and 62 of the Registration Statement has been revised to define “Other Dispute” and include a summary of the mandatory arbitration provision in the Company’s bylaws. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations Consumer and Enterprise Applications, page 82
SPACE EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGIES CORP · filed 2026-05-20 · 0001628280-26-036964
SEC staff comment
1. We note your disaggregation of revenue disclosure provided on page F-9 as well as the information provided in your February 20, 2024 response letter, specifically your response to comment four. You state that you disaggregate your revenue based on type of good or service (e.g., manufacturing and license fees) and regulatory pathway (e.g., ANDA vs NDA). Please address the following: ● Given that you have paused further development of NDAs and do not appear to have engaged in business activities in this segment since 2021, explain to us how disaggregation by regulatory pathway provides a meaningful level of disaggregation of your revenues. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission March 18, 2026 Page 2 ● In your February 20, 2024 response to prior comment four, you stated that when determining the level of revenue disaggregation, you considered the categories noted in ASC 606-10-55-91 -…
The company responded
We respectfully acknowledge the Staff’s comment and respond as follows. The Company disaggregated revenue by regulatory pathway (ANDA versus NDA) in prior periods because, historically, those categories reflected distinct economic characteristics, including differences in development risk, regulatory approval timelines, pricing, and margin profiles. However, the Company acknowledges that it paused further development of NDA products in 2021 and has not engaged in active commercial NDA-related business activities since that time. Accordingly, for the periods presented, revenue associated with NDA-related activities is zero, and the Company agrees that disaggregation by regulatory pathway no longer provides a meaningful depiction of how economic factors affect the nature, amount, timing, or uncertainty of revenue, as contemplated by ASC 606-10-50-5 and ASC 606-10-55-91. With a view toward…
ELITE PHARMACEUTICALS INC /NV/ · filed 2026-03-18 · 0001493152-26-011126
SEC staff comment
Comment : Please review the principal risk factors to ensure they are applicable to this Fund. To the extent investments such as mortgage-backed securities, asset-backed securities, municipal securities, loans, commodities-related investments are deemed to be principal risks, please ensure that the Fund’s principal investment strategy disclosure expressly address each such investment.
The company responded
The Registrant confirms that the principal risks disclosed in the Fund Summary are applicable to the Fund and related to the principal investment strategies. As disclosed in the principal investment strategies section of the Fund Summary, the Fund’s investments “may include foreign and domestic securities and other instruments, including sovereign debt (including U.S. Treasuries), mortgage-backed securities (“MBS”) and asset-backed securities, stripped securities, loans, bank instruments, municipal securities, corporate debt, other fixed-income securities and commodities-related investments.” - 4 - February 25, 2026 7.
Eaton Vance Mutual Funds Trust · filed 2026-02-25 · 0001133228-26-002145
SEC staff comment
1. You state on page 13 that “your service relies on AI technologies and automated data processing to generate pricing estimates and other outputs.” Please expand your disclosure to discuss how your product uses AI and specify whether you use proprietary or third-party open-source algorithms and include related risk factor disclosure.
The company responded
We respectfully advise the Staff that we have revised the disclosure on page 13 to further describe how our product uses AI and automated data processing to generate pricing estimates and other outputs. We also clarified that we utilize a combination of third-party and open-source frameworks and components together with proprietary workflows and business logic, and we added related risk factor disclosure regarding reliance on third-party and open-source AI tools and the potential operational, legal, and reputational risks associated with inaccuracies, limitations, and changes in such technologies. Management’s Discussion and Analysis or Plan of Operations Plan of Operations, page 22
Mira Qon Corp · filed 2026-02-25 · 0002097953-26-000004
SEC staff comment
Comment 5 : Please tailor the risk factor disclosures to reflect each Fund’s principal strategies. For example, “Derivatives risk” refers to reducing exposure to other risks such as interest rate or currency risk but currency risk is not listed as a principal risk factor, and “Exposure risk” refers to short selling but short sales are not included as a principal strategy.
The company responded
Each Fund will remove references to inapplicable strategies and/or risks from its risk factor disclosures, including the examples noted by the Staff.
Credit Suisse Commodity Strategy Funds · filed 2026-02-20 · 0001104659-26-018213
SEC staff comment
Comment 6 : Please consider whether active trading should be disclosed in the section of each Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Fund Summary—Principal investment strategies” or “Portfolio Summary—Principal investment strategies,” as applicable, given “Portfolio turnover risk” is listed as a principal risk factor.
The company responded
Each Fund will revise the above-referenced section to state that the Fund expects to engage in active and frequent trading of derivatives.
Credit Suisse Commodity Strategy Funds · filed 2026-02-20 · 0001104659-26-018213
SEC staff comment
Comment 7 : Please add swaps to the section of each Fund’s Prospectus entitled “Fund Summary—Principal investment strategies” or “Portfolio Summary—Principal investment strategies,” as applicable, given that “Swap agreements risk” is listed as a principal risk factor.
The company responded
As noted above in the response to Comment 3, in its principal investment strategy disclosures each Fund will specify the types of commodity-linked derivative instruments, including swaps, in which it intends to invest.
Credit Suisse Commodity Strategy Funds · filed 2026-02-20 · 0001104659-26-018213
SEC staff comment
Comment 5: The Staff notes that the risk factor “Collateralized Loan Obligations Risk” includes a reference to “CLO Equity” but that the term is not defined in the registration statement. Please define or revise.
The company responded
The Trust has revised the disclosure to clarify that the Fund may, as part of its principal investment strategy, invest in CLO equity and debt tranches that are rated below investment grade or the equivalent if unrated. The Trust will define "CLO Equity" in the Fund’s prospectus as “the most junior ownership tranche of a CLO structure that represents a residual claim on the cash flows generated by a diversified pool of leveraged loans, after all senior debt tranches and expenses have been paid.”
Aristotle Funds Series Trust · filed 2026-02-18 · 0000894189-26-003879
SEC staff comment
3. Prospectus – What are the Specific Risks of Investing in the Fund? The Staff notes the “Additional Factors Affecting Yield” disclosure is included only in the statutory prospectus risk disclosure. Please include a summary of the risk factor in the summary prospectus if this risk is a principal risk of the Fund.
The company responded
The Registrant will respond as requested. Questions on this letter or requests for additional information may be directed to me at (724) 720-8831 or Sheryl.McCall@FederatedHermes.com. Very truly yours, /s/ Sheryl L. McCall Sheryl L. McCall Senior Paralegal II Federated Hermes, Inc.
Federated Hermes Money Market Obligations Trust · filed 2026-02-13 · 0001623632-26-000257
SEC staff comment
Comment 2. Cybersecurity and Technology Risk is included under the Item 9 risks of the Fund but is not included under the Item 4 risks of the Fund. To the extent that Cybersecurity and Technology Risk is a principal risk of investing in the Fund, please consider including this risk factor in the Item 4 Principal Risks section.
The company responded
The Registrant respectfully acknowledges your comment; however, the Registrant believes that Cybersecurity and Technology Risk is not a principal risk of investing in the Fund. The Registrant believes that the placement of Cybersecurity and Technology Risk in the Item 9 Additional Information About Fund Investment Strategies and Related Risks section is currently appropriate. January 27, 2026 Page 2
MORGAN STANLEY INSTITUTIONAL LIQUIDITY FUNDS · filed 2026-01-27 · 0001104659-26-007114
SEC staff comment
3. The Staff notes the inclusion of a risk factor, entitled “Real Estate Investment Trusts (‘REITs’),” addressing certain risks of investments in real estate companies. There is no comparable risk disclosure for natural resources companies or for “dividend-paying companies tied to hard assets.” Please consider adding risk disclosure addressing the risks of exposure to such companies.
The company responded
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Trust notes that the risk factor entitled “Commodities” addresses the risks of investments in natural resources, including aluminum, forest products, non-ferrous metals, precious metals, petroleum and natural gas. Additionally, to supplement this risk disclosure, the Trust will add risk factors addressing the risks of investing in dividend-paying companies, and companies in the Energy and Materials sectors, as natural resource companies are generally spread across the Energy sector (e.g., oil, gas and coal) and Materials sector (e.g., metals, mining, chemicals and paper). The Trust believes that the risk disclosure, as currently presented and revised in the manner set forth above, will adequately address the risks of investing in dividend-paying companies tied to hard assets including real estate and natural resources. Furthermore, as noted in the…
FT 12728 · filed 2026-01-23 · 0001445546-26-000604
SEC staff comment
4. We will add a description of our flow of funds or cash management policy, including a description of cash transfers, dividends, and distributions made by the Company or any of our subsidiaries and any limitations on such transfers, dividends, and distributions under the laws of the PRC and Hong Kong affecting transfers, dividends, and distributions paid by our wholly owned subsidiaries to our Company, and related risk factors. We will include the following risk factor following the description of our flow of funds or cash management policy. “ Restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to receive and use our revenues effectively. Because our revenues are denominated in RMB, any restrictions on currency exchange may limit our ability to use RMB-denominated revenues to make dividend payments in U.S. dollars. The principal PRC regulation governing foreign currency exchange…
The company responded
The Company proposes to add the following disclosure to Footnote 2 in its future filings: Advances to Suppliers Advances to suppliers represent prepayments made to vendors for the purchase of raw materials, equipment, or services that have not yet been received as of the reporting date. These advances are generally unsecured, non-interest bearing, and are expected to be applied against future deliveries or services. Advances to suppliers are recorded at cost and classified as current or non-current assets based on the expected timing of the receipt of the related goods or services. Upon receipt of the goods or completion of services, the advances are reclassified to inventory, property and equipment, or operating expenses, as appropriate. Advances are reviewed periodically for recoverability, and any amounts deemed not recoverable are recognized as an expense in the period identified.…
Kuber Resources Corp · filed 2026-01-22 · 0001214659-26-000729
SEC staff comment
2. Please revise to provide additional disclosure regarding SOL and your staking plans. For example purposes only: ● Disclose your policies and procedures regarding your plans to stake Solana, including how much of your SOL you intend to stake. ● Revise to provide greater detail explaining how agreements with staking providers will operate. ● If material, add a risk factor addressing any liquidity risks related to your staking plans. ● Identify the custodians that hold and will hold your digital assets and disclose the material terms of the custody arrangements, including the amount and limitations of any insurance coverage.
The company responded
The Company acknowledges the Staff’s comment and has revised the Registration Statement accordingly. Please see pages 2 through 7 of the Registration Statement for further details.
Sharps Technology Inc. · filed 2025-12-23 · 0001493152-25-029076
SEC staff comment
4. For the Defiance Daily Target 2X Short APLD ETF, please include an IT Services industry risk factor as APLD is assigned to the IT Services industry.
The company responded
The Trust respectfully declines to include the requested risk disclosure because it is not applicable to the Fund. While IT Services Industry Risk is relevant to a leveraged long strategy, it does not accurately describe the risks of the Fund’s inverse (short) strategy. Put simply, adverse developments in the IT Services industry would generally be expected to benefit the Fund; including this disclosure could therefore be confusing to investors and could be viewed as promotional rather than risk-focused.
Tidal Trust II · filed 2025-12-22 · 0001999371-25-020921
SEC staff comment
5. Throughout the Prospectus, please include risk factors specific to the industry that each Fund is assigned to in the disclosure of risks for each Fund.
The company responded
The Trust respectfully declines to include the requested industry risk disclosure because, as drafted for a leveraged long strategy, they are not applicable to the Funds. Each Fund seeks inverse (short) exposure, and the principal risk associated with industry-specific factors is the risk of strength in the relevant industry, not weakness. Put simply, adverse developments affecting the industry would generally be expected to benefit the Funds; accordingly, including a “long” industry risk discussion could confuse investors and may read as promotional rather than as a description of risks applicable to the Funds.
Tidal Trust II · filed 2025-12-22 · 0001999371-25-020921
SEC staff comment
6. Throughout the Prospectus, for each Fund, please include a risk factor addressing the risks associated with leverage.
The company responded
The Trust confirms that the Prospectus has been adjusted accordingly.
Tidal Trust II · filed 2025-12-22 · 0001999371-25-020921
SEC staff comment
7. In the non-diversification risk disclosure for each Fund in the Prospectus, please add the following sentence to the end of this risk factor disclosure: “This may increase the Fund’s volatility and cause the performance of a relatively smaller number of issuers to have a greater impact on the Fund’s performance.”
The company responded
The Trust confirms that the Prospectus has been adjusted accordingly.
Tidal Trust II · filed 2025-12-22 · 0001999371-25-020921
SEC staff comment
1. The Staff notes that in the blackline provided it appears that there is no heading for the section entitled “Risk Factors.” Please add such heading or otherwise confirm that such heading is included in the Registration Statement.
The company responded
The Trust confirms that the Registration Statement includes a heading for the section entitled “Risk Factors.”
FTP 1 · filed 2025-12-17 · 0001445546-25-008214
SEC staff comment
2. The Staff notes some of the risk factors in the Registration Statement include the term “Risk” in the name of the risk factor, while others do not. Consider adding “risk” to the end of each listed risk factor for consistency and clarity.
The company responded
Pursuant to the Staff’s comment, the Trust will update the Registration Statement to add the term “Risk” to the end of each listed risk factor.
FTP 1 · filed 2025-12-17 · 0001445546-25-008214
SEC staff comment
3. Starting with the risk factor entitled “Absence of an Active Market Risk,” please clarify, either by grouping under a heading (e.g., Investments in Underlying ETFs Risk) or in the name of the risk itself ( see , e.g., Underlying ETF Market Risk) that the “Absence of an Active Market Risk” and the next two risk factors are Underlying ETF Risks.
The company responded
Pursuant to the Staff’s comment, the Trust will update the names of the above referenced risk factors to clarify that such risk factors address risks relating to the Underlying ETFs. We appreciate your prompt attention to this Registration Statement. If you have any questions or comments or would like to discuss our responses to your questions, please feel free to contact Brian D. Free at (312) 845-3017 or the undersigned at (312) 845-3721. Very truly yours, Chapman and Cutler llp By: /s/ Daniel J. Fallon Daniel J. Fallon
FTP 1 · filed 2025-12-17 · 0001445546-25-008214
SEC staff comment
4. In the Fund’s Principal Risk Factors section, in the “Emerging Markets Risk” disclosure, consider adding additional language addressing the increased potential for market manipulation. See ADI 2020-11 Registered Funds’ Risk Disclosure Regarding Investments in Emerging Markets.
The company responded
The Fund acknowledges that Staff’s comment and has supplemented the current Emerging Markets Risk disclosure with additional text (underlined below for emphasis): Emerging Markets Risk . The Fund may invest directly or indirectly, via ADRs, in securities issued by companies domiciled or headquartered in emerging market nations. Investments in securities traded in developing or emerging markets, or that provide exposure to such securities or markets, can involve additional risks relating to political, economic, currency, or regulatory conditions not associated with investments in U.S. securities and investments in more developed international markets. Such conditions may impact the ability of the Fund to buy, sell or otherwise transfer securities, adversely affect the trading market and price for Fund Shares and cause the Fund to decline in value. Differences in regulatory, accounting,…
2023 ETF Series Trust · filed 2025-12-16 · 0001999371-25-020418
SEC staff comment
14. Comment: On page 13 of the Prospectus, in the last paragraph of the risk factor captioned “MLP Risk,” please disclose that if the Fund retains an MLP interest whose basis has been reduced to zero, subsequent distributions will be taxed at ordinary income rates. Please also disclose whether the Fund may hold GP interests. The staff may have additional comments if the Fund may hold GP interests.
The company responded
The Registrant has included the requested disclosure consistent with disclosure for other series of the Trust.
Tortoise Capital Series Trust · filed 2025-12-16 · 0001213900-25-122134
SEC staff comment
4. In each Fund’s Principal Risk Factors disclosures, consider whether investing in convertible securities and securities that carry the right to buy common stocks (e.g., rights and warrants) should be disclosed as principal risk factors for these Funds.
The company responded
The Trust has added convertible securities and rights and warrants risk language to each Fund’s Item 4 and Item 9 risk disclosures.
2023 ETF Series Trust · filed 2025-12-15 · 0001999371-25-020259
SEC staff comment
Comment : In light of the Fund’s strategy to focus on these sectors and industries consider moving Sector Risk and Industry Focus Risk to a more prominent location in the risk factor section.
The company responded
The Registrant has revised the disclosure in response to the Staff’s comments. 11.
TRUTH SOCIAL FUNDS · filed 2025-12-10 · 0001104659-25-119964
SEC staff comment
Comment : On EDGAR page 23, in the sub-section titled: Industry Focus Risk – Nuclear Energy Companies Risk, the Staff notes this is the only risk factor in this section for the American Energy Security ETF. Please supplementally confirm that the Nuclear Energy Company Risk is the only industry risk to which the Fund will be significantly exposed.
The company responded
The Registrant has revised the disclosure in response to the Staff’s comments. 13.
TRUTH SOCIAL FUNDS · filed 2025-12-10 · 0001104659-25-119964
SEC staff comment
2. In your response to prior comment 2 you provide proposed revised disclosure of the referenced risk factor and Item disclosures. Please confirm that you intend to provide similar disclosure in the Item 3 disclosures regarding The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act.
The company responded
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Company respectfully undertakes to revise the relevant disclosure in its future Form 20-F filings as follows (with additions in underline showing the changes against the disclosure in the 2024 Form 20-F), subject to such updates and adjustments to be made in connection with any material developments of the subject matter being disclosed. 2 “ ITEM 3. KEY INFORMATION … The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act The Holding Foreign Companies Accountable Act, or the HFCAA, was enacted on December 18, 2020. Pursuant to the HFCAA and related regulations, if we have filed an audit report issued by a registered public accounting firm that the PCAOB has determined that it is unable to inspect and investigate completely, the SEC will identify us as a “Commission-Identified Issuer,” and the trading of our securities on any U.S. national securities…
Cloopen Group Holding Ltd · filed 2025-12-08 · 0001493152-25-026529
SEC staff comment
4. We note that the Principal Risk Factors disclosures include risks that appear not to have corresponding principal investment strategy disclosures. For example, inflation protected debt, repurchase agreements, warrants and rights. Please either add appropriate disclosures to the investment strategy or remove the risk disclosures.
The company responded
While investments in inflation protected debt securities, repurchase agreements, warrants and rights are permitted within the Fund, they are not considered to be principal investments of the Fund and as a result, such risk factors have been removed from the Fund’s principal investment risk.
2023 ETF Series Trust · filed 2025-12-05 · 0001999371-25-019626
SEC staff comment
11. We note that the Principal Risk factors include Focused Investing Risk. To the extent the Fund will focus on any particular countries, regions, sectors, industries, etc., disclose that focus and the risks associated with that investment focus.
The company responded
The Trust has made changes consistent with the Staff’s comment.
2023 ETF Series Trust · filed 2025-12-05 · 0001999371-25-019626
SEC staff comment
Comment : With respect to “Call Option Writing Risk” in the Fund’s “Principal Risks” section, please consider adding a standalone risk factor referencing uncovered option writing or consider bolding the text.
The company responded
The Fund has revised the fourth paragraph of “Call Option Writing Risk” in the Fund’s “Principal Risks” section as follows: “There are special risks associated with uncovered option writing that expose the Fund to potentially significant loss. As the seller of an uncovered call option, the Fund bears unlimited risk of loss should the price of the underlying security increase above the exercise price until the Fund covers its exposure. Uncovered call options have speculative characteristics and are riskier than covered call options because there is no underlying instrument held by the Fund that can act as a partial hedge. In cases of uncovered calls being exercised, the Fund must purchase the underlying instrument to meet its call obligations and thus the necessary instruments may be unavailable for purchase. ” Should you have any questions, please feel free to contact me at (202)…
Hartford Funds Exchange-Traded Trust · filed 2025-12-05 · 0001104659-25-118737
SEC staff comment
Comment 3 – Prospectus – Summary of Terms, page 12 The Staff notes the following disclosure in the section entitled “Risk Factors” on page 12, “With the Fund’s limited track record, investors must rely on the expertise and experience of the principals of the Adviser, and initial deployment delays may dampen results.” Please explain supplementally to the Staff if the principals of the Adviser have experience managing similar strategies and registered funds. If not, please ensure that descriptions of the expertise and experience of the principals of the Adviser are qualified appropriately.
The company responded
The Registrant has revised the relevant disclosure to read as follows: ● While the principals of the Adviser have the collective expertise and experience in advising investment funds with similar portfolio holdings and investment strategies, these principals do not have a track record for implementing the Fund’s investment strategy in a closed-end fund registered under the 1940 Act.
TCG Strategic Income Fund · filed 2025-12-05 · 0001829126-25-009752
SEC staff comment
2. Please elaborate on the current ownership status of the Series 12 asset and disclose how its purchase price was determined. Explain whether and how you have obtained the right to purchase such asset if the fixed price auction is successful. To the extent there are risks of variations in the purchase price or inability to acquire the asset, please provide appropriate risk factor disclosure. Additionally, to the extent you have entered into an asset purchase agreement related to the Series 12 asset, please disclose the material terms of such agreement in Appendix D and file the agreement as a material contract. Refer to Item 17(6) of Part III of Form 1-A.
The company responded
We have added language to Appendix D to clarify that the Series 12 asset is currently subject to a consignment agreement, and that the Managing Member has negotiated with the consignor to purchase the Series 12 asset at a fixed price if the fixed price auction (renamed in PQA 6 as a “Fixed Price Offering”) is successful. The consignment agreement, redacted to protect certain proprietary but immaterial terms, has been added as an exhibit to PQA 6 and additional disclosures summarizing the terms of the agreement have been added to Appendix D. Rebekah Reed/Donald Field December 3, 2025 Page 3 To that end, the only risks to the purchase price and the execution of the acquisition of the asset would be the Company’s failure to raise sufficient funds by the end of the negotiated consignment period, or a breach of contract by the consignor. We have added a risk factor to that effect. Comment 3…
aShareX Series LLC · filed 2025-12-03 · 0001477932-25-008760
SEC staff comment
7. Given the name of the Trust includes the phrase “Power and Resources”, please consider whether the Risk Factors should include any industry-specific risks other than the Utilities Risk factor. In addition, please consider whether the Risk Factors should include a risk factor tailored to the risks of investing in Power and Resources Companies.
The company responded
Pursuant to the Staff’s comment, the prospectus will be updated to include an energy risk, industrials risk and materials risk. Furthermore, as noted in the response to Comment 1 above, if the Trust is concentrated in any other industry or group of industries, appropriate disclosure will be added to the Trust’s prospectus. Finally, the Trust has thoughtfully considered the Staff’s comment and declines to include a Power and Resources Companies risk factor. The Trust believes that, with the addition of the new risk disclosure, the Risk Factors adequately address the risks associated with an investment in Power and Resources Companies. We appreciate your prompt attention to this Registration Statement. If you have any questions or comments or would like to discuss our responses to your questions, please feel free to contact Brian D. Free at (312) 845-3017 or the undersigned at (312)…
FT 12545 · filed 2025-11-26 · 0001445546-25-007828
SEC staff comment
1. We note your disclosure that you have already launched your treasury reserve asset strategy using Ethena governance tokens ("ENA") as well as your disclosed existing holdings of 40 ETH and 12 BTC. Please expand your disclosure to describe whether you plan on integrating cryptocurrencies into your FlexTV operations. If so, please revise to state how you plan to treat the cryptocurrency received in connection with business operations, including, if applicable, how you plan on using digital assets to support your streaming customers. Lastly, please make corresponding changes to your Risk Factors, as appropriate.
The company responded
The Company acknowledges the Staff’s comment and respectfully advises the Staff that the Company does not, and will not, have any plans to integrate cryptocurrencies into its FlexTV operations. The Company does not intend to accept digital assets as payment for FlexTV services, or otherwise incorporate cryptocurrency into its streaming business model. ARIZONA ● CALIFORNIA ● COLORADO ● CONNECTICUT ● DELAWARE ● FLORIDA ● GEORGIA ● ILLINOIS ● INDIANA ● KANSAS ● KENTUCKY ● LOUISIANA MARYLAND ● MASSACHUSETTS ● MINNESOTA ● MISSISSIPPI ● MISSOURI ● NEVADA ● NEW JERSEY ● NEW MEXICO ● NEW YORK ● NORTH CAROLINA OHIO ● OREGON ● PENNSYLVANIA ● RHODE ISLAND ● TENNESSEE ● TEXAS ● UTAH ● VIRGINIA ● WASHINGTON ● WASHINGTON D.C. ● WEST VIRGINIA November 25, 2025 Page 2
Mega Matrix Inc · filed 2025-11-25 · 0001213900-25-114828
SEC staff comment
7. We note your risk factor disclosure that addresses the novelty of digital assets and the resulting risks, including commercial and technical uncertainty. There or in a new risk factor, please revise to enhance your disclosure by describing any material financing, liquidity, or other risks you face related to the impact that a crypto asset market disruption may have, directly or indirectly, on the value of ENA (including the staked version) or other digital assets you hold or intend to hold.
The company responded
In response to the Staff’s comments, the disclosure on page 21 has been revised.
Mega Matrix Inc · filed 2025-11-25 · 0001213900-25-114828
SEC staff comment
2. In future filings, please disclose the location of your auditor’s headquarters. Similarly revise the related risk factor regarding the HFCAA on page 38.
The company responded
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Company respectfully undertakes to revise the relevant disclosure in its future Form 20-F filings as follows (with additions in underline showing the changes against the disclosure in the 2024 Form 20-F), subject to such updates and adjustments to be made in connection with any material developments of the subject matter being disclosed. 2 “ D. Risk Factors … Risks Related to Doing Business in China … The ADSs may be prohibited from being traded over the counter in the United States under the HFCAA if the SEC subsequently determines our audit work is performed by auditors that the PCAOB is unable to inspect or investigate completely. The prohibition from trading of the ADSs, or the threat of their being prohibited from being traded, may materially and adversely affect the value of your investment. The HFCAA was enacted on December 18, 2020. The…
Cloopen Group Holding Ltd · filed 2025-11-21 · 0001493152-25-024545
SEC staff comment
Comment : Please revise to discuss the Sponsor's experience sponsoring exchange-traded products and specifically its experience related to crypto asset markets. Revise your risk factors on page 45 as appropriate.
The company responded
The Registration Statement has been further revised to add the disclosure responsive to this comment in the section of the Registration Statement cited in the comment. U.S. Federal Income Tax Consequences, page 132 4.
Franklin XRP Trust · filed 2025-11-20 · 0002071844-25-000496
SEC staff comment
Comment: This risk factor describes the risks of private investment funds. Please review the disclosure describing the investment strategies and risk factors regarding private fund investments and confirm to us that all principal risks associated with investing in private investment funds have been adequately disclosed regarding the following risks: (1) risks related to the jurisdiction of private funds and (2) tax considerations when investing in private funds that produce non-qualifying income and how that may impact the Fund’s RIC status. If these risk factors are not disclosed as principal risks, please explain why not.
The company responded
The Fund confirms that it has revised the aforementioned disclosure in the Amendment in response to the Staff’s comment. 13.
PennantPark Enhanced Income Fund · filed 2025-11-17 · 0001193125-25-284818
SEC staff comment
7. Please revise your risk factor disclosure so that it is tailored to risks specific to HYPE, SOL and SUI, and their respective blockchains. In this regard, we note references throughout to risks related to bitcoin.
The company responded
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Company revised the relevant disclosures under the heading “Risks Related to Our Cryptocurrency Strategy and Holdings” starting on page 53 of the Revised F-3 to provided tailored risk factors specific to HYPE, SOL, and SUI and their respective blockchains, and removing references to risks related to bitcoin where relevant. HYPE, SOL, and SUI are highly volatile assets, and fluctuations in the price of HYPE, SOL, and SUI have in the past..., page S-48
Lion Group Holding Ltd · filed 2025-11-12 · 0001213900-25-109178
SEC staff comment
8. Please expand this risk factor to provide quantitative information that demonstrates the volatility of HYPE, SOL and SUI.
The company responded
In response to the Staff’s comment, the Company revised the relevant disclosures on page 57 of the Revised F-3 to provide quantitative information demonstrating the volatility of HYPE, SOL and SUI. Part II – Information Not Required in Prospectus Item
Lion Group Holding Ltd · filed 2025-11-12 · 0001213900-25-109178
SEC staff comment
Comment 5 – Principal Risks The Staff notes the Fund invests in U.S. Treasuries and cash equivalents. These debt securities do not have call or extension risk that some corporate or mortgage-backed securities might. Please delete “Call Risk” and “Extension Risk” from the risk factors or supplementally explain why it would not be appropriate to do so. Please also consider deleting discussions of these risks from the other risk factors where they are discussed. 2
The company responded
The above-referenced risk factors, in addition to “Prepayment Risk”, have been removed in accordance with the Staff’s comment.
FIRST TRUST EXCHANGE-TRADED FUND VII · filed 2025-10-29 · 0001445546-25-007187
SEC staff comment
Comment 7 – Principal Risks The Staff notes that the risk factors are very extensive, even though the Fund invests only in futures contracts providing exposure to common stocks, U.S. Treasuries and gold. Please consider consolidating risk factors that largely duplicate risk disclosure. Please consider whether some of the risk factors relating to the Fund’s general operations of an ETF could be moved to the end of the risk factors or, if appropriate, to the “Non-Principal Risks” section so that investors may better focus on the risks related to the Fund’s principal investment strategies.
The company responded
The Registrant has considered the Staff’s comment and respectfully declines to make any changes. The Registrant believes that the disclosure, as currently presented, is appropriate for investor comprehension.
FIRST TRUST EXCHANGE-TRADED FUND VII · filed 2025-10-29 · 0001445546-25-007187
SEC staff comment
5. You reference various convertible note offerings under private placements and Regulation CF crowdfunding offerings being sold from 2023 through June 2025. Please clarify how many shares of common stock may be issuable under these convertible notes, including a range of amounts if applicable. In addition, to the extent shares were sold in those offerings at a significant discount to the price in this offering, disclose the average price paid and include risk factor disclosure as appropriate.
The company responded
The Company respectfully acknowledges the comment. The Company has revised and updated the disclosure on page 58 in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Debt and Financing Arrangements—Convertible Note Financing” to quantify the potential share issuance upon conversion of all outstanding convertible notes if such notes were to be converted in connection with this Offering. Additionally, the Company has revised and updated the disclosure on page 58 in “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations—Equity Offerings” to include a disclosure relating to the Company’s Regulation CF offering from August 2023 where the Company issued and sold 604,546 shares of common stock at a price of $4.9624 per share for gross proceeds of approximately $3.0 million. Such Regulation CF offering was closed on August 31,…
Immersed Inc. · filed 2025-10-29 · 0001104659-25-103808
SEC staff comment
Comment 17 : The Staff notes that in Item 1A. Risk Factors, the Company discloses the use of valuations without adjustments, which appears to conflict with the requirements of Rule 2a-5(b) under the 1940 Act. The Staff previously commented on this disclosure. Please explain supplementally the basis for this statement or revise accordingly.
The company responded
The disclosure will be revised accordingly on a going forward basis.
Brightwood Capital Corp I · filed 2025-10-24 · 0001104659-25-102163
SEC staff comment
Comment : The Staff notes that Bullish commenced its IPO in August 2025. (a) Please add disclosure related to investing in IPOs such as limited trading history, and that there is limited information which may subject the company’s stock price to abnormal returns and/or volatility and that there is a potential for dilution when insiders are free to sell shares. (b) Please consider confirming the market capitalization of the company. (c) The Staff notes the IPO was settled in stablecoin. Please confirm that the Fund may purchase or sell shares in US Dollars. (d) Please tailor the risk factors to the business of Bullish including cryptocurrency, market volatility, intense competition, and regulatory uncertainty.
The company responded
The Trust has revised the disclosure to address the comment. The Adviser has confirmed that the Fund may purchase and sell shares of Bullish in US dollars. * * * Please contact me at (913) 660-0778 regarding the responses contained in this letter. Sincerely, /s/ John H. Lively John H. Lively 2
ETF Opportunities Trust · filed 2025-10-21 · 0001999371-25-015751
SEC staff comment
3. Please expand this risk factor, or add a new risk factor, to address potential dilution from the reset provision that could adjust upward the number of common shares underlying the Notes and Investor Warrants. The risk factor should disclose the maximum number of shares that may be issuable upon conversion of the Notes and exercise of the Investor Warrants. In this regard, we note your disclosure that you may reduce the floor price of the Notes and the Warrant Floor Price to any amount set forth in a written notice to ATW AI II LLC, provided that any such reduction will be irrevocable and will not be subject to increase thereafter.
The company responded
The Company respectfully advises the Staff that the Notes were redeemed and are no longer outstanding, as disclosed in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 6, 2025. In addition, the Company has expanded this risk factor, to address potential dilution from the reset provision that could adjust upward the number of common shares underlying the Investor Warrants. The risk factor discloses the maximum number of shares that may be issuable upon exercise of the Investor Warrants. Plan of Distribution, page 67
New ERA Energy & Digital, Inc. · filed 2025-10-20 · 0001213900-25-100508
SEC staff comment
7. We note that the shares of common stock registered for resale under this registration statement, if issued, would exceed the number of shares currently authorized for issuance and your disclosure that you intend to file, and mail to your stockholders, notice of a special meeting of shareholders and a proxy statement requesting approval of (i) an amendment to your amended and restated articles of incorporation to increase the total authorized shares of capital stock for 250,000,000 to 3,005,000,000, consisting of 3,000,000,000 shares of common stock and 5,000,000 shares of preferred stock, and in compliance with Nasdaq Listing Rule 5635(d), the issuance of more than 20% of the your issued and outstanding common stock pursuant to the EPFA. We further note you filed a proxy statement on Schedule 14A on August 18, 2025. Please confirm to us that you will not request acceleration of the…
The company responded
The Company respectfully advises the Staff that owing to the Company’s October 16, 2025 termination of the EPFA, as disclosed in the Company’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the SEC on October 17, 2025, the Company is no longer registering for resale any additional shares of common stock pursuant to the EPFA, but is reverting to registering for resale only 5,218,690 shares on behalf of other Selling Shareholders. The Company further advises the Staff that on October 16, 2025, the Company filed with the SEC a request to withdraw the proxy statement on Schedule 14A because the Company has decided not to proceed with the transactions described in the proxy statement at this time. Accordingly, the Company believes the Staff’s comment is no longer appliable to the Registration Statement.
New ERA Energy & Digital, Inc. · filed 2025-10-20 · 0001213900-25-100508
SEC staff comment
2. Please balance your prospectus summary with a discussion of the challenges your products face. For example, please discuss your dependence on one customer, which represented approximately 97% of your net sales of June 30, 2025. Please also address any related risks, including expanding the risk factor titled “We depend heavily on third-party retailers...,” and update your business section as appropriate.
The company responded
Recently, we have relied on one customer which has represented approximately 97% of our net sales as of June 30, 2025. We have begun to diversify our customer base to include some additional national grocery chains to diversify our customer base over the next year. We have added disclosure on pages 3 of Prospectus Summary section, 42 of MD&A section and 49 of Business section to disclose our customer dependence. We have also added a risk factor titled “We have depended on a single customer for a substantial portion of our net sales, and the loss of this customer or a reduction in their purchases could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.” Our third-party retailers are the same as our customers and we address the customer concentration as indicated above. Risk Factors Risks Relating to This Offering, page 28
Buda Juice LLC · filed 2025-10-17 · 0001493152-25-018542
SEC staff comment
5. We note disclosure elsewhere that a single customer accounted for 97% of your revenue in the six months ended June 30, 2025. Please revise to discuss any associated trends related to your dependence on this customer. Additionally revise your risk factor disclosure regarding customer concentration as appropriate to reflect the specific material risks relating to this customer, as well as your increased exposure to a single customer (compared with 95% and 90% in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively). Finally, please update the section titled “Customer Concentration and Diversification Progress” on page 49 to discuss your dependence on this customer.
The company responded
We have added a risk factor titled “We have depended on a single customer for a substantial portion of our net sales, and the loss of this customer or a reduction in their purchases could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition” and updated the section titled “Customer Concentration and Diversification Progress” on page 49 and added that section in the prospectus summary section as well on page 3. Liquidity and Capital Resources, page 40
Buda Juice LLC · filed 2025-10-17 · 0001493152-25-018542
SEC staff comment
10. Please revise to describe the names of principal suppliers. Refer to Item 101(h)(4)(v) of Regulation S-K. Further, please add risk factor disclosure relating to your dependence on a limited number of suppliers. In this regard, we note disclosure elsewhere that two suppliers and one supplier represented more than 10% of your total product purchases in the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. Update your business section as appropriate.
The company responded
We have added a supplier section on page 53 to describe the names of principal suppliers and to discuss the percentage of total product purchases and dependence on any one supplier. We have also added a risk factor called “We depend on a limited number of suppliers for our products, and the loss of one or more of these suppliers could disrupt our operations, increase our costs, or otherwise adversely affect our business” to that effect on page 13. Executive and Director Compensation, page 62
Buda Juice LLC · filed 2025-10-17 · 0001493152-25-018542
SEC staff comment
1. We note that Pubco's Amended and Restated Certificate of Formation includes "an enforceable jury trial waiver for any 'internal entity claim.'" Please revise to disclose whether this applies to claims under the federal securities laws. To the extent that it does not apply to claims under the federal securities laws, please disclose and tell us how you will make future investors aware that the provision does not apply to claims under the federal securities laws. In addition, please revise to disclose the TBOC's definition of "internal entity claim" and expand your risk factor disclosure on pages 77 and 78 to address the material risks of a jury trial waiver, including the possibility of less favorable outcomes, uncertainty regarding its enforceability, the potential for increased costs to bring a claim and whether it may discourage or limit suits against you.
The company responded
In response to the Staff’s comments, the Company has revised its disclosure on pages 36, 78-80, 179 and 186 of Amendment No. 1. The Company hereby provides assurance that when the matter of enforceability of jury trial waivers for “internal entity claims” in federal securities law is finally adjudicated, it will make future investors aware of such final adjudication and its scope for “internal entity claims” by including such disclosure in its future Exchange Act reports. The Organizational Documents Proposals
Twenty One Capital, Inc. · filed 2025-10-17 · 0001213900-25-099976
SEC staff comment
11. Please reconcile your claims in this section with disclosure in your risk factor section and elsewhere that the Company has a limited operating history. Company
The company responded
We confirm, on behalf of the Company, that the Company has revised the disclosure in the risk factor section and elsewhere to eliminate disclosure about the Company having a limited operating history as the subsidiaries of the Company have a long operating history prior to the incorporation of the Company in September 2022. Commission Comment : Property, page 50
Starfighters Space, Inc. · filed 2025-10-16 · 0001062993-25-016158
SEC staff comment
Comment : In the same section, please add a cross reference to the discussion of risks related to unsponsored ADRs in the risk factor section.
The company responded
Please refer to the last sentence of the revised text in Response 2. KAREN A. ASPINALL ● PARTNER 11300 Tomahawk Creek Pkwy, Suite 310 ● Leawood, KS 66211 ● p: 949.629.3928 Practus, LLP ● Karen.Aspinall@Practus.com ● Practus.com 4.
Themes ETF Trust · filed 2025-10-15 · 0001829126-25-008125
SEC staff comment
Comment : Please add a corresponding risk factor related to the risk that to the extent that the Adviser determines that material information about the foreign issuer underlying the ADR is not available in English and generally made available to the public in the manner described above in the Principal Investment Strategies section, investors in the series may not be able to gather information on which to make investment decisions. Please further discuss the steps the Adviser will take in such circumstances.
The company responded
The Registrant has updated its Unsponsored Depositary Receipt Risk in Item 4 as provided in Response 7. 13.
Themes ETF Trust · filed 2025-10-15 · 0001829126-25-008125
SEC staff comment
6. Please expand your disclosure to describe the policies and procedures you have in place or intend to adopt that govern when you exchange cash for crypto assets and when you monetize your crypto assets. Disclose whether you have policies or will establish policies governing the percentage of your treasury holdings that will be SOL. In addition, please disclose whether you intend to hedge your exposure to SOL and, if so, please describe your hedging strategy. Further, provide related risk factor disclosure, if material and to the extent applicable.
The company responded
The Company respectfully acknowledges the Staff’s comment and has revised the disclosure on pages 1, 26 and 27 of Amendment No. 1 to clarify that the Company’s current policy does not set a specific target with respect to the amount of digital assets held and to provide additional disclosure on the Company’s approach to accumulate and hold digital assets, focusing on SOL, for the long-term. The Company respectfully advises the Staff that it does not have a policy regarding monetization of its crypto assets given the current focus on accumulating and holding such assets. The Company has updated the disclosure on pages 2 and 27 of Amendment No. 1 to clarify that the Company does not currently hedge its exposure to SOL price fluctuations, but may do so in the future. In light of the current policies and procedures, the Company believes that the material and applicable risk factors are…
DeFi Development Corp. · filed 2025-10-14 · 0001213900-25-098406
SEC staff comment
6. Please expand your disclosure to describe the policies and procedures you have in place or intend to adopt that govern when you exchange cash for crypto assets and when you monetize your crypto assets. Disclose whether you have policies or will establish policies governing the percentage of your treasury holdings that will be SOL. In addition, please disclose whether you intend to hedge your exposure to SOL and, if so, please describe your hedging strategy. Further, provide related risk factor disclosure, if material and to the extent applicable.
The company responded
The Company respectfully acknowledges the Staff’s comment and has revised the disclosure on pages 1, 13 and 14 of Amendment No. 1 to clarify that the Company’s current policy does not set a specific target with respect to the amount of digital assets held and to provide additional disclosure on the Company’s approach to accumulate and hold digital assets, focusing on SOL, for the long-term. The Company respectfully advises the Staff that it does not have a policy regarding monetization of its crypto assets given the current focus on accumulating and holding such assets. The Company has updated the disclosure on pages 2 and 14 of Amendment No. 1 to clarify that the Company does not currently hedge its exposure to SOL price fluctuations, but may do so in the future. In light of the current policies and procedures, the Company believes that the material and applicable risk factors are…
DeFi Development Corp. · filed 2025-10-14 · 0001213900-25-098410
SEC staff comment
Comment 3 – Risk Factors – XRP is a relatively new technological innovation with a limited operating history, page 17 To provide context for this risk factor, please specifically state how long XRP has been traded, and how long it has been traded in the United States.
The company responded
Pursuant to the Staff’s comment, the referenced risk factor has been revised to include the following disclosure. XRP began trading in 2012 and in the United States in 2013, with a temporary suspension on many exchanges from late 2020 to mid-2023.
Bitwise XRP ETF · filed 2025-10-10 · 0001213900-25-098174
SEC staff comment
Comment 4 – Risk Factors – The significant holdings of XRP by Ripple Labs and other early stakeholders, page 18 Please revise this risk factor to discuss, to the extent material, any of the founders or early stakeholders who hold a significant stake in XRP, including, for example, Chris Larsen.
The company responded
Pursuant to the Staff’s comment, the referenced risk factor has been revised to include the following disclosure: It is widely believed, though unconfirmed, that early founders of Ripple Labs, including Chris Larsen and Jed McCaleb, still hold significant amounts of XRP. This concentration of ownership could give them disproportionate influence over the system’s governance. In addition, any perceived selling activity from wallets purportedly linked to these individuals or other early XRP stakeholders could have a negative impact on the price of XRP. October 10, 2025 Page 3
Bitwise XRP ETF · filed 2025-10-10 · 0001213900-25-098174
SEC staff comment
Comment 5 – Risk Factors – If a malicious actor obtains control of more than 80% of the validating nodes on the XRP Ledger, page 25 In this risk factor, or in an appropriate place, please address the April 2025 malware attack on the JavaScript library for the XRP Ledger.
The company responded
Pursuant to the Staff’s comment, the referenced risk factor has been revised to include the following disclosure: In April 2025, a malware attack was discovered in a widely used open-source JavaScript library associated with the XRP Ledger. The malicious code was inserted through a supply chain vulnerability and had the potential to compromise applications built using the affected library. While the core XRP Ledger protocol and validator infrastructure were not directly compromised, some third-party applications that integrated the compromised library may have been exposed to risks, including unauthorized access to user data and disruption of application functionality. The vulnerability was identified and remediated by the developer community shortly after discovery, and no material exploitation of the malware has been publicly confirmed. However, the incident highlights the XRP…
Bitwise XRP ETF · filed 2025-10-10 · 0001213900-25-098174
SEC staff comment
Comment 5 – Prospectus Summary – Custody of the Trust’s Assets, Page 7 The Staff notes your disclosure on page 7 that “[t]he Trust’s Custodian will maintain custody of all of the Trust’s XRP, which will be held in a segregated account in the name of the Trust on the Custodian’s books and records,” but that the “Custodian will maintain the Trust’s XRP in omnibus wallets along with the assets of other customers of the Custodian, and the Trust’s XRP will be treated as fungible with the XRP of other customers of the Custodian.” Please revise to address here a summary of the risks of having an omnibus account or include cross-references to where such risks are addressed in the risk factors section. In addition, please disclose here whether the omnibus wallets that hold the Trust’s assets also hold the Custodian’s assets.
The company responded
The Trust has determined to use the services of Gemini Trust Company, LLC and BitGo Trust Company, Inc. as the custodians for the Trust. Both of these service providers utilize segregated wallets, not omnibus accounts, as part of their custodial solutions. Accordingly, the Registration Statement has been revised to remove references to omnibus XRP accounts where appropriate.
Canary XRP ETF · filed 2025-10-10 · 0001999371-25-015222